diff --git a/Doc/Sd1/LanguageFundamentals/languageFundamentals.xml b/Doc/Sd1/LanguageFundamentals/languageFundamentals.xml
index ba277f0bae9d2262c49128e95b5333d55c03fa83..ba0ef49747eb62009f09fbbea873ebe212bbe6f3 100644
--- a/Doc/Sd1/LanguageFundamentals/languageFundamentals.xml
+++ b/Doc/Sd1/LanguageFundamentals/languageFundamentals.xml
@@ -3499,48 +3499,40 @@ System.out.println("Maximum short value:" + MAXIMUM);</programlisting>
</itemizedlist>
<tip>
- <para>Which integer literal types do exist according to the
- <xref linkend="glo_Java"/> <link
+ <para>Which integer literals are being defined by the <xref
+ linkend="glo_Java"/> <link
xlink:href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jls/se8/html/jls-3.html#jls-3.10.1">standard</link>?</para>
</tip>
</question>
<answer>
- <para>Since variables of type <code language="java"
+ <para>Variables of type <code language="java"
xlink:href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jls/se7/html/jls-4.html#jls-4.2.1-100-B">short</code>
- use signed two-byte two-complement representation their
- corresponding range is <inlineequation>
+ use signed two-byte two-complement representation ranging from
+ <inlineequation>
<m:math display="inline">
<m:mrow>
- <m:mo>[</m:mo>
-
- <m:mrow>
- <m:mrow>
- <m:mo>-</m:mo>
-
- <m:msup>
- <m:mi>2</m:mi>
-
- <m:mi>15</m:mi>
- </m:msup>
- </m:mrow>
-
- <m:mo>,</m:mo>
+ <m:mo>-</m:mo>
- <m:mrow>
- <m:msup>
- <m:mi>2</m:mi>
+ <m:msup>
+ <m:mi>2</m:mi>
- <m:mi>15</m:mi>
- </m:msup>
+ <m:mi>15</m:mi>
+ </m:msup>
+ </m:mrow>
+ </m:math>
+ </inlineequation> to <inlineequation>
+ <m:math display="inline">
+ <m:mrow>
+ <m:msup>
+ <m:mi>2</m:mi>
- <m:mo>-</m:mo>
+ <m:mi>15</m:mi>
+ </m:msup>
- <m:mi>1</m:mi>
- </m:mrow>
- </m:mrow>
+ <m:mo>-</m:mo>
- <m:mo>]</m:mo>
+ <m:mi>1</m:mi>
</m:mrow>
</m:math>
</inlineequation>. Thus intensity values ranging from 0 to 255
@@ -3613,12 +3605,16 @@ System.out.println("Maximum short value:" + MAXIMUM);</programlisting>
<para>The second question is more difficult to answer: The <xref
linkend="glo_Java"/> standard only defines <code language="java"
- xlink:href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jls/se7/html/jls-4.html#jls-4.2.1-100-C">int</code>
+ xlink:href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jls/se7/html/jls-4.html#jls-4.2.1-100-C">int</code>,
+ <code language="java"
+ xlink:href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jls/se7/html/jls-4.html#jls-4.2.1-100-D">long</code>
+ and <code language="java"
+ xlink:href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jls/se7/html/jls-4.html#jls-4.2.1-100-E">char</code>
but no <code language="java"
xlink:href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jls/se7/html/jls-4.html#jls-4.2.1-100-B">short</code>
or <code language="java"
xlink:href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jls/se7/html/jls-4.html#jls-4.2.1-100-A">byte</code>
- literals. The given example code is thus equivalent to:</para>
+ integer literals. The given example is thus equivalent to:</para>
<programlisting language="java">final short MINIMUM = 0B00000000_00000000_10000000_00000000,
MAXIMUM = 0B00000000_00000000_01111111_11111111;</programlisting>
@@ -3642,8 +3638,8 @@ System.out.println("Maximum short value:" + MAXIMUM);</programlisting>
<m:mi>15</m:mi>
</m:msup>
</m:math>
- </inlineequation> or 32768. This is one step above
- <inlineequation>
+ </inlineequation> or 32768. This is one step above a <code
+ language="java">short</code>'s range <inlineequation>
<m:math display="inline">
<m:mrow>
<m:mo>[</m:mo>
@@ -3680,7 +3676,7 @@ System.out.println("Maximum short value:" + MAXIMUM);</programlisting>
</inlineequation> and thus cannot be assigned to a <code
language="java">short</code> variable.</para>
- <para>The cast cuts off the two leading bytes of
+ <para>Using a cast cuts off the two leading bytes of
<code>00000000_00000000_10000000_00000000</code> forcing the
remaining two lower bytes into a <code
language="java">short</code> variable
@@ -3785,20 +3781,22 @@ System.out.println(11 + 22 + " is our result");</programlisting></td>
problem:</para>
<programlisting language="java">...
-System.out.println("Decimal:" + (512 +
+System.out.println("Decimal:" + <emphasis role="red">(</emphasis>512 +
256 +
128 +
32 +
- 4)); ...</programlisting>
+ 4<emphasis role="red">)</emphasis>); ...</programlisting>
<para>Why are the <quote>inner</quote> braces grouping
- <code>(512 + 256 + 128 + 4)</code> being required?</para>
+ <code><emphasis role="red">(</emphasis>512 + 256 + 128 +
+ 4<emphasis role="red">)</emphasis></code> being
+ required?</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
<tip>
- <para>Execute the above code omitting these <quote>inner</quote>
- braces.</para>
+ <para>Execute the above code omitting the <quote>inner</quote>
+ braces pair.</para>
</tip>
</question>
@@ -3827,8 +3825,8 @@ System.out.println("Decimal:" + (512 +
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para>We start by omitting the <quote>inner</quote> braces.
- This results in:</para>
+ <para>Omitting the <quote>inner</quote> braces results
+ in:</para>
<informaltable border="1">
<tr>
@@ -3850,11 +3848,10 @@ System.out.println("Decimal:" + (512 +
</tr>
</informaltable>
- <para>We inspect the first expression <code>"Decimal:" +
- <emphasis role="red">512</emphasis></code>. <xref
- linkend="glo_Java"/> implicitly converts the int literal 512
- into a String "512". Then the two + operator concatenates both
- Strings into <code>"Decimal:<emphasis
+ <para>For the leftmost expression <code>part "Decimal:" +
+ <emphasis role="red">512</emphasis></code> the int literal 512
+ is being implicitly converted into a String "512" prior to
+ being concatenated into <code>"Decimal:<emphasis
role="red">512</emphasis>"</code>. Evaluating the whole
expression from left to right this pattern keeps repeating.
Like in this exercises first example the above code is thus
@@ -3905,9 +3902,9 @@ System.out.println("Decimal:" + "512" +
<para><quote>+</quote> operators computing the integer sum
of 512, 256, 128, 32 and 4 yielding a value of 932. This
value subsequently gets transformed into the String <code
- language="java">"932"</code> in order to be concatenated
- with the preceding <code language="java">"Decimal:"</code>
- string.</para>
+ language="java">"932"</code> and then again being
+ concatenated into <code
+ language="java">Decimal:932</code>.</para>
</callout>
</calloutlist>
</listitem>