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-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<chapter version="5.1" xml:id="ldap" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
- xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
- xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
- xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
- xmlns:ns="http://docbook.org/ns/transclusion"
- xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"
- xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
- xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
- <title><link linkend="glo_LDAP">ldap</link> and <link
- linkend="glo_JDBC">JDBC</link></title>
-
- <section xml:id="ldapIntro">
- <title>Getting started with <xref linkend="glo_LDAP"/></title>
-
- <para>Resources:</para>
-
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para><link xlink:href="http://www.zytrax.com/books/ldap/ch3">Schema,
- objectclasses and attributes</link></para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para><link xlink:href="http://www.zytrax.com/books/ldap/apd">LDAP
- Glossary</link></para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </section>
-
- <section xml:id="ldapSetup">
- <title>Setting up an <productname
- xlink:href="http://www.openldap.org">Openldap</productname> server</title>
-
- <para>The MI department provides an <productname
- xlink:href="http://www.openldap.org">Openldap</productname> server at each
- workstation (<productname
- xlink:href="http://www.ubuntu.com/desktop">Ubuntu</productname> / Linux
- only). The <xref linkend="glo_LDAP"/> manager credentials are:</para>
-
- <glosslist>
- <glossentry>
- <glossterm>Bind <xref linkend="glo_DN"/>:</glossterm>
-
- <glossdef>
- <para><code>cn=admin,dc=hdm-stuttgart,dc=de</code></para>
- </glossdef>
- </glossentry>
-
- <glossentry>
- <glossterm>Bind password:</glossterm>
-
- <glossdef>
- <para><code>XYZ</code></para>
- </glossdef>
- </glossentry>
- </glosslist>
-
- <para>In addition <xref linkend="glo_Soft_ApacheDirectoryStudio"/> is in
- place and may serve as a means to conveniently establish <xref
- linkend="glo_LDAP"/> communications. Console geeks may use <command
- xlink:href="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LDAP-HOWTO/utilities.html">ldapmodify</command>
- and friends.</para>
-
- <task>
- <title>Set up a connection to your local <xref linkend="glo_LDAP"/>
- server</title>
-
- <procedure>
- <step>
- <para>Open <xref linkend="glo_Soft_ApacheDirectoryStudio"/>.</para>
- </step>
-
- <step>
- <para>Activate the <xref linkend="glo_LDAP"/> perspective.</para>
- </step>
-
- <step>
- <para>In the <quote>Connections</quote> window right click
- <quote>New Connection ...</quote> like in <uri
- xlink:href="https://directory.apache.org/studio/users-guide/ldap_browser/gettingstarted_create_connection.html">http://directory.apache.org/studio/users-guide/ldap_browser/gettingstarted_create_connection.html</uri>.</para>
- </step>
-
- <step>
- <para>Configure a connection to <parameter
- xlink:href="http://www.techterms.com/definition/localhost">localhost</parameter>
- using the above bind parameters.</para>
- </step>
- </procedure>
- </task>
- </section>
-
- <section xml:id="ldapSimpleInserts">
- <title>Adding some sample data using <xref
- linkend="glo_Soft_ApacheDirectoryStudio"/></title>
-
- <qandaset defaultlabel="qanda" xml:id="qandaPopulateLdap">
- <title>Populating the <xref linkend="glo_DIT"/></title>
-
- <qandadiv>
- <qandaentry>
- <question>
- <para>Add two departments <code>billing</code> and
- <code>research</code>. Then supply corresponding user entries to
- both departments by using the <link
- xlink:href="https://directory.apache.org/studio/users-guide/ldap_browser/gettingstarted_browse.html">LDAP
- browser view</link>. (As being mentioned previously hardcore
- hackers take <link
- xlink:href="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LDAP-HOWTO/utilities.html">this
- track</link> neglecting time consuming <xref linkend="glo_GUI"/>
- stuff).</para>
-
- <para>Hint: If you do have limited understanding of <xref
- linkend="glo_LDAP"/> classes an schemata you may want to create
- entries containing the following <parameter
- xlink:href="http://www.zytrax.com/books/ldap/apd/index.html#objectclass">objectClass</parameter>
- values:</para>
-
- <glosslist>
- <glossentry>
- <glossterm>Departments <code>billing</code> and
- <code>research</code>:</glossterm>
-
- <glossdef>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para><code
- xlink:href="http://www.zytrax.com/books/ldap/ape/#organizationalunit">organizationalUnit</code>
- (structural)</para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </glossdef>
- </glossentry>
-
- <glossentry>
- <glossterm>Child user entries below <code>billing</code> and
- <code>research</code>:</glossterm>
-
- <glossdef>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para><code
- xlink:href="http://www.zytrax.com/books/ldap/ape/#organizationalperson">organizationalPerson</code>
- (structural) and <code
- xlink:href="http://www.zytrax.com/books/ldap/ape/#posixaccount">posixAccount</code>
- (auxiliary)</para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </glossdef>
- </glossentry>
- </glosslist>
-
- <para>Note that required parent <parameter
- xlink:href="http://www.zytrax.com/books/ldap/apd/index.html#objectclass">objectClass</parameter>
- definitions like <code>top</code> and <code
- xlink:href="http://www.zytrax.com/books/ldap/ape/#person">person</code>
- are being omitted here. <xref
- linkend="glo_Soft_ApacheDirectoryStudio"/> will gracefully add
- missing objectClasses on behalf of you automatically. The
- subsequent <xref linkend="glo_LDIF"/> dump may serve as a
- hint:</para>
-
- <programlisting language="ldif">...
- <emphasis role="bold">dn: ou=billing,dc=hdm-stuttgart,dc=de</emphasis>
- objectClass: top
- objectClass: organizationalUnit
- ou: billing
-
- <emphasis role="bold">dn: ou=research,dc=hdm-stuttgart,dc=de</emphasis>
- objectClass: top
- objectClass: organizationalUnit
- ou: research
-
- <emphasis role="bold">dn: uid=lapinski,ou=billing,dc=hdm-stuttgart,dc=de</emphasis>
- objectClass: posixAccount
- objectClass: top
- objectClass: person
- objectClass: organizationalPerson
- cn: Mee Lapinski
- gidNumber: 100
- homeDirectory: /home/lapinski
- sn: Lapinski
- uid: lapinski
- uidNumber: 1023
- ...</programlisting>
-
- <para>Question: What is the ratio behind adding the
- <code>objectClass</code> value <code>posixAccount</code>? Hint:
- Try to create a corresponding dataset having two persons with
- identical names within the same department.</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>Your result may look like:</para>
-
- <figure xml:id="figureLdapTwoDepartments">
- <title>Two departments billing and research populated with
- sample user entries</title>
-
- <screenshot>
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Ref/Screen/ldapSampleUsers.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
- </figure>
-
- <para>Without having the <code>objectClass</code> value
- <code>posixAccount</code> the attribute <code>uid</code> would be
- disallowed and could thus not be part of our <xref
- linkend="glo_DN"/> values. This would leave us with solutions
- like:</para>
-
- <programlisting language="ldif"><emphasis role="bold">dn: cn=Mee Lapinski,ou=billing,dc=hdm-stuttgart,dc=de</emphasis></programlisting>
-
- <para>This in turn disallows identical common names (e.g. a second
- <personname>Mee Lapinski</personname>) within the same department.
- Thus the auxiliary objectClass posixAccount enables us to
- introduce additional mandatory <code>uid</code> attribute being
- the unique identifier within a given parent scope.</para>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
- </qandadiv>
- </qandaset>
- </section>
-
- <section xml:id="ldifImportExport">
- <title><xref linkend="glo_LDIF"/> export and import</title>
-
- <para>This section is intended to get acquainted with <xref
- linkend="glo_LDIF"/> representation of <xref linkend="glo_LDAP"/> data and
- requires successful completion of <xref linkend="qandaPopulateLdap"/> as a
- prerequisite. You may want to read <uri
- xlink:href="http://www.zytrax.com/books/ldap/ch8">http://www.zytrax.com/books/ldap/ch8</uri>.</para>
-
- <qandaset defaultlabel="qanda" xml:id="qanda_ldifExportImport">
- <title>Exporting, modifying and importing <xref linkend="glo_LDAP"/>
- data using the <xref linkend="glo_LDIF"/> interchange
- representation.</title>
-
- <qandadiv>
- <qandaentry>
- <question>
- <para>Export your current database state being left from <xref
- linkend="qandaPopulateLdap"/> to an <xref linkend="glo_LDIF"/>
- text file.</para>
-
- <para>Subsequently use this database dump file as a starting point
- to create a <xref linkend="glo_LDIF"/> import file adding a
- department <quote>pr</quote> (public relations) containing a user
- <quote>Paul Simon</quote> with suitable attribute values to the
- dataset.</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <para>Adding the new entries in question requires:</para>
-
- <screen>version: 1
-
- dn: ou=pr,dc=hdm-stuttgart,dc=de
- objectClass: top
- objectClass: organizationalUnit
- ou: pr
-
- dn: uid=simon,ou=pr,dc=hdm-stuttgart,dc=de
- objectClass: posixAccount
- objectClass: top
- objectClass: person
- objectClass: organizationalPerson
- cn: Paul Simon
- gidNumber: 130
- homeDirectory: /home/tauras
- sn: Svetlana
- uid: tauras
- uidNumber: 1028</screen>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
- </qandadiv>
- </qandaset>
- </section>
-
- <section xml:id="ditSearch">
- <title>Searching the <xref linkend="glo_DIT"/></title>
-
- <para>Like relational and other database types <xref linkend="glo_LDAP"/>
- provides a <link
- xlink:href="http://www.zytrax.com/books/ldap/apa/search.html">query
- language</link> to filter result entries.</para>
-
- <qandaset defaultlabel="qanda" xml:id="qanda_firstLdapQuery">
- <title>Filtering child elements</title>
-
- <qandadiv>
- <qandaentry>
- <question>
- <para>Create <xref linkend="glo_LDAP"/> queries corresponding to
- the following descriptions:</para>
-
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>All users entries within the whole <xref
- linkend="glo_DIT"/> having a gidNumber value of 100.</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>All user entries belonging to the billing department
- having a <code>uid</code> value greater than 1023.</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>All user entries within the whole <xref
- linkend="glo_DIT"/> having a common name containing the
- substring <quote>ei</quote>.</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>All user entries within the whole <xref
- linkend="glo_DIT"/> belonging to gidNumber == 100 or having a
- <code>uid</code> value starting with letter
- <quote>t</quote>.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
-
- <para>Hint: <xref linkend="glo_Soft_ApacheDirectoryStudio"/>
- allows both for <link
- xlink:href="https://directory.apache.org/studio/users-guide/ldap_browser/tools_filter_editor_dialog.html">filtering</link>
- and <link
- xlink:href="https://directory.apache.org/studio/users-guide/ldap_browser/gettingstarted_search.html">searching</link>
- providing nifty features like attribute name completion and syntax
- highlighting. For regular searches you may define:</para>
-
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>The <xref linkend="glo_DIT"/> entry to start from being
- identified by its <xref linkend="glo_DN"/>.</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>The search scope being either of object, one level or
- subtree.</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Boolean expressions based on attribute values.</para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
-
- <para>But yes, I forgot to mention <link
- xlink:href="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LDAP-HOWTO/utilities.html">something</link>.</para>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para><emphasis role="bold">All users entries within the whole
- </emphasis><xref linkend="glo_DIT"/><emphasis role="bold">
- having a gidNumber value of 100.</emphasis></para>
-
- <para>Solution: <code>(gidNumber=100)</code>, starting from
- top of <xref linkend="glo_DIT"/> having subtree scope.</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para><emphasis role="bold">All user entries belonging to the
- billing department having a <code>uid</code> value greater
- than 1023.</emphasis></para>
-
- <para>Solution: <code>(uidNumber>=1024)</code> starting
- from <xref linkend="glo_DN"/>
- <code>ou=billing,dc=hdm-stuttgart,dc=de</code> and scope
- <code>one level</code>.</para>
-
- <para>Notice the expression <code>(uidNumber>=1024)</code>
- in favour of the seemingly equivalent but syntactically
- illegal counterpart <code>(uidNumber>1023)</code>.</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para><emphasis role="bold">All user entries within the whole
- </emphasis><xref linkend="glo_DIT"/><emphasis role="bold">
- having a common name containing the substring
- <quote>ei</quote>.</emphasis></para>
-
- <para>Solution: <code>(cn=*ei*)</code>, starting from top of
- <xref linkend="glo_DIT"/> having subtree scope.</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para><emphasis role="bold">All user entries within the whole
- </emphasis><xref linkend="glo_DIT"/><emphasis role="bold">
- belonging to gidNumber == 100 or having a <code>uid</code>
- value starting with letter <quote>t</quote>.</emphasis></para>
-
- <para>Solution: <code>(|(gidNumber=100)(uid=t*))</code>,
- starting from top of <xref linkend="glo_DIT"/> having subtree
- scope.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
- </qandadiv>
- </qandaset>
- </section>
-
- <section xml:id="unix2sql2ldap">
- <title><xref linkend="glo_UNIX"/> to <xref linkend="glo_SQL"/> to <xref
- linkend="glo_LDAP"/></title>
-
- <para><xref linkend="glo_UNIX"/> type operating systems manage users,
- groups and their respective relationships in three different text
- files:</para>
-
- <glosslist>
- <glossentry>
- <glossterm><filename>/etc/passwd</filename></glossterm>
-
- <glossdef>
- <para>Users being defined on the system:</para>
-
- <literallayout>root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
-daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin
-bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
-sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologin
-sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync
-...</literallayout>
-
- <para>We illustrate the meaning of this <xref linkend="glo_CSV"/>
- (actually **character** separated) by examining the first
- row:</para>
-
- <glosslist>
- <glossentry>
- <glossterm>Column 1, <code>root</code>:</glossterm>
-
- <glossdef>
- <para>The user's unique system name as being entered at
- login.</para>
- </glossdef>
- </glossentry>
-
- <glossentry>
- <glossterm>Column 2, x<code>:</code></glossterm>
-
- <glossdef>
- <para>This field is not being used on current <xref
- linkend="glo_UNIX"/> implementations. Historically either the
- user's clear text password or its hash value was present here.
- For security reasons this attribute has been moved to a third
- file <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> being read access
- protected to non-administrator users.</para>
- </glossdef>
- </glossentry>
-
- <glossentry>
- <glossterm>Column 3, <code>0</code>:</glossterm>
-
- <glossdef>
- <para>The user's unique integer numerical
- <parameter>uid</parameter> number value.</para>
- </glossdef>
- </glossentry>
-
- <glossentry>
- <glossterm>Column 4, <code>0</code>:</glossterm>
-
- <glossdef>
- <para>The user's unique primary group integer numerical
- <parameter>gid</parameter> number value. The value
- <quote>0</quote> here refers to a group root of identical name
- being defined in <filename>/etc/group</filename>, see next
- section.</para>
- </glossdef>
- </glossentry>
-
- <glossentry>
- <glossterm>Column 5, <code>root</code>:</glossterm>
-
- <glossdef>
- <para>The user's common name. For a regular user account this
- might be <quote>Jim Beam</quote> for example.</para>
- </glossdef>
- </glossentry>
-
- <glossentry>
- <glossterm>Column 6, <filename>/root</filename>:</glossterm>
-
- <glossdef>
- <para>The user's home directory. Might be /home/beam for a
- user <quote>Jim Beam</quote>.</para>
- </glossdef>
- </glossentry>
-
- <glossentry>
- <glossterm>Column 7, <command>/bin/bash</command>:</glossterm>
-
- <glossdef>
- <para>The user's login shell (command interpreter. This
- attribute contains a reference to a command interpreter like
- <command>/bin/(t)csh</command>, <command>/bin/ksh</command>
- and so on.</para>
- </glossdef>
- </glossentry>
- </glosslist>
- </glossdef>
- </glossentry>
-
- <glossentry>
- <glossterm><filename>/etc/group</filename></glossterm>
-
- <glossdef>
- <para>This file contains all groups being defined on the
- system:</para>
-
- <literallayout>root:x:0:
-daemon:x:1:
-bin:x:2:
-sys:x:3:
-adm:x:4:syslog,mi <co xml:id="secondaryGroupmembership"/>
-tty:x:5:
-...</literallayout>
-
- <glosslist>
- <glossentry>
- <glossterm>Column1,root:</glossterm>
-
- <glossdef>
- <para>The group's name</para>
- </glossdef>
- </glossentry>
-
- <glossentry>
- <glossterm>Column 2, x:</glossterm>
-
- <glossdef>
- <para>Not used</para>
- </glossdef>
- </glossentry>
-
- <glossentry>
- <glossterm>Column 3, 4:</glossterm>
-
- <glossdef>
- <para>The group's unique <parameter>gid</parameter>
- number</para>
- </glossdef>
- </glossentry>
-
- <glossentry>
- <glossterm>Column 4, <code>syslog,mi</code>:</glossterm>
-
- <glossdef>
- <para>The set <code>{syslog,mi}</code> <coref
- linkend="secondaryGroupmembership"/> defines secondary group
- memberships: These two users will belong to the group
- <code>adm</code> in addition to their respective primary group
- definition.</para>
- </glossdef>
- </glossentry>
- </glosslist>
- </glossdef>
- </glossentry>
- </glosslist>
-
- <qandaset defaultlabel="qanda" xml:id="qandUnixToSqlToLdap">
- <title>Exporting and importing data</title>
-
- <qandadiv>
- <qandaentry>
- <question>
- <para>Write two applications being able to perform the following
- tasks:</para>
-
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Import the previously described UNIX user and group data
- ton an RDBMS using <xref linkend="glo_JDBC"/>. You will have
- to define a suitable SQL schema first.</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Transfer RDBMS data to your local <xref
- linkend="glo_LDAP"/> server using <link
- xlink:href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/jndi/tutorial/ldap/misc/url.html">JNDI</link>.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <annotation role="make">
- <para role="eclipse">Sda2/UnixSqlLdap/Jndi/Unix2Rdbms</para>
- </annotation>
-
- <annotation role="make">
- <para role="eclipse">Sda2/UnixSqlLdap/Jndi/Rdbms2Ldap</para>
- </annotation>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
- </qandadiv>
- </qandaset>
- </section>
-
- <section xml:id="transactionsInJdbc">
- <title>Transactions in <xref linkend="glo_JDBC"/></title>
-
- <para>You may review some remarks on SQL standard isolation level
- definitions:</para>
-
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para><xref linkend="glo_Javadoc"/>:</para>
-
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para><link
- xlink:href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/9/docs/api/java/sql/Connection.html#TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED">TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED</link></para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para><link
- xlink:href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/9/docs/api/java/sql/Connection.html#TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED">TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED</link></para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para><link
- xlink:href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/9/docs/api/java/sql/Connection.html#TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ">TRANSACTION_READ_REPEATABLE_READ</link></para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para><link
- xlink:href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/9/docs/api/java/sql/Connection.html#TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE">TRANSACTION_READ_SERIALIZABLE</link></para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para><link
- xlink:href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/issue-archive/2005/05-nov/o65asktom-082389.html">On
- Transaction Isolation Levels (Oracle)</link></para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para><link
- xlink:href="https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms378149(v=sql.110).aspx">Understanding
- Isolation Levels (Microsoft)</link></para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
-
- <section xml:id="accountTransferPessimistic">
- <title>Account Transfer using pessimistic concurrency control</title>
-
- <qandaset defaultlabel="qanda" xml:id="qandaJdbcIsolation">
- <title>Accounts and balances</title>
-
- <qandadiv>
- <qandaentry>
- <question>
- <para>Consider the following simple schema of accounts keeping
- customer balances:</para>
-
- <programlisting language="sql">CREATE TABLE Account (
- number INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY
- ,balance INT NOT NULL
- )</programlisting>
-
- <para>Write two GUI applications to:</para>
-
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Transfer amounts from one account to another</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Get the sum of all balances</para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
-
- <informalfigure>
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Ref/Screen/accountTransferSum.png"/>
- </imageobject>
- </mediaobject>
- </informalfigure>
- </question>
-
- <answer>
- <annotation role="make">
- <para role="eclipse">Sda2/account</para>
- </annotation>
- </answer>
- </qandaentry>
- </qandadiv>
- </qandaset>
- </section>
-
- <section xml:id="accountTransferOptimistic">
- <title>Account Transfer using optimistic concurrency control</title>
-
- <figure xml:id="fig_optimisticConcurrencyControl">
- <title>Optimistic concurrency control</title>
-
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Ref/Fig/concurrentOptimistic.svg"/>
- </imageobject>
- </mediaobject>
- </figure>
-
- <para>An interfering transaction obeying the protocol causes a
- transaction failure:</para>
-
- <figure xml:id="concurrentObtimisticFail">
- <title>Failure with optimistic transactions</title>
-
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="Ref/Fig/concurrentOptimisticFail.svg"/>
- </imageobject>
- </mediaobject>
- </figure>
-
- <para>Considerations:</para>
-
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Race conditions, time of check to time of use</para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
-
- <qandaset defaultlabel="qanda" xml:id="qandaTransferOptimistic">
- <title>Optimistic account transfer</title>
-
- <qandadiv>
- <qandaentry>
- <question>
- <para>Implement your (pessimistic) account transfer application
- <xref linkend="qandaJdbcIsolation"/> in an optimistic
- manner:</para>
-
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Make sure both source and destination accounts get
- protected against interfering transactions.</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Provide a means to definitely avoid deadlocks during
- the second transaction section of a balance transfer
- operation.</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Supply a suitable message in case of an interfering
- second balance transfer</para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </question>
- </qandaentry>
- </qandadiv>
- </qandaset>
- </section>
- </section>
-</chapter>
diff --git a/Doc/Sda2/sampleDbOverview.xml b/Doc/Sda2/sampleDbOverview.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..23d8d7ce218215fc17d48bb2d5a38a07c3a4b341
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Doc/Sda2/sampleDbOverview.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,778 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<part version="5.1" xml:id="sda2" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
+ xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
+ xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
+ xmlns:ns="http://docbook.org/ns/transclusion"
+ xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"
+ xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
+ xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
+ <title>Structured Data and Applications 2</title>
+
+ <chapter xml:id="ldap">
+ <title><link linkend="glo_LDAP">Ldap</link> and <link
+ linkend="glo_JDBC">JDBC</link></title>
+
+ <section xml:id="ldapIntro">
+ <title>Getting started with <xref linkend="glo_LDAP"/></title>
+
+ <para>Resources:</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><link
+ xlink:href="http://www.zytrax.com/books/ldap/ch3">Schema,
+ objectclasses and attributes</link></para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><link xlink:href="http://www.zytrax.com/books/ldap/apd">LDAP
+ Glossary</link></para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </section>
+
+ <section xml:id="ldapSetup">
+ <title>Setting up an <productname
+ xlink:href="http://www.openldap.org">Openldap</productname>
+ server</title>
+
+ <para>The MI department provides an <productname
+ xlink:href="http://www.openldap.org">Openldap</productname> server at
+ each workstation (<productname
+ xlink:href="http://www.ubuntu.com/desktop">Ubuntu</productname> / Linux
+ only). The <xref linkend="glo_LDAP"/> manager credentials are:</para>
+
+ <glosslist>
+ <glossentry>
+ <glossterm>Bind <xref linkend="glo_DN"/>:</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+ <para><code>cn=admin,dc=hdm-stuttgart,dc=de</code></para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry>
+ <glossterm>Bind password:</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+ <para><code>XYZ</code></para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+ </glosslist>
+
+ <para>In addition <xref linkend="glo_Soft_ApacheDirectoryStudio"/> is in
+ place and may serve as a means to conveniently establish <xref
+ linkend="glo_LDAP"/> communications. Console geeks may use <command
+ xlink:href="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LDAP-HOWTO/utilities.html">ldapmodify</command>
+ and friends.</para>
+
+ <task>
+ <title>Set up a connection to your local <xref linkend="glo_LDAP"/>
+ server</title>
+
+ <procedure>
+ <step>
+ <para>Open <xref
+ linkend="glo_Soft_ApacheDirectoryStudio"/>.</para>
+ </step>
+
+ <step>
+ <para>Activate the <xref linkend="glo_LDAP"/> perspective.</para>
+ </step>
+
+ <step>
+ <para>In the <quote>Connections</quote> window right click
+ <quote>New Connection ...</quote> like in <uri
+ xlink:href="https://directory.apache.org/studio/users-guide/ldap_browser/gettingstarted_create_connection.html">http://directory.apache.org/studio/users-guide/ldap_browser/gettingstarted_create_connection.html</uri>.</para>
+ </step>
+
+ <step>
+ <para>Configure a connection to <parameter
+ xlink:href="http://www.techterms.com/definition/localhost">localhost</parameter>
+ using the above bind parameters.</para>
+ </step>
+ </procedure>
+ </task>
+ </section>
+
+ <section xml:id="ldapSimpleInserts">
+ <title>Adding some sample data using <xref
+ linkend="glo_Soft_ApacheDirectoryStudio"/></title>
+
+ <qandaset defaultlabel="qanda" xml:id="qandaPopulateLdap">
+ <title>Populating the <xref linkend="glo_DIT"/></title>
+
+ <qandadiv>
+ <qandaentry>
+ <question>
+ <para>Add two departments <code>billing</code> and
+ <code>research</code>. Then supply corresponding user entries to
+ both departments by using the <link
+ xlink:href="https://directory.apache.org/studio/users-guide/ldap_browser/gettingstarted_browse.html">LDAP
+ browser view</link>. (As being mentioned previously hardcore
+ hackers take <link
+ xlink:href="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LDAP-HOWTO/utilities.html">this
+ track</link> neglecting time consuming <xref linkend="glo_GUI"/>
+ stuff).</para>
+
+ <para>Hint: If you do have limited understanding of <xref
+ linkend="glo_LDAP"/> classes an schemata you may want to create
+ entries containing the following <parameter
+ xlink:href="http://www.zytrax.com/books/ldap/apd/index.html#objectclass">objectClass</parameter>
+ values:</para>
+
+ <glosslist>
+ <glossentry>
+ <glossterm>Departments <code>billing</code> and
+ <code>research</code>:</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><code
+ xlink:href="http://www.zytrax.com/books/ldap/ape/#organizationalunit">organizationalUnit</code>
+ (structural)</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry>
+ <glossterm>Child user entries below <code>billing</code> and
+ <code>research</code>:</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><code
+ xlink:href="http://www.zytrax.com/books/ldap/ape/#organizationalperson">organizationalPerson</code>
+ (structural) and <code
+ xlink:href="http://www.zytrax.com/books/ldap/ape/#posixaccount">posixAccount</code>
+ (auxiliary)</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+ </glosslist>
+
+ <para>Note that required parent <parameter
+ xlink:href="http://www.zytrax.com/books/ldap/apd/index.html#objectclass">objectClass</parameter>
+ definitions like <code>top</code> and <code
+ xlink:href="http://www.zytrax.com/books/ldap/ape/#person">person</code>
+ are being omitted here. <xref
+ linkend="glo_Soft_ApacheDirectoryStudio"/> will gracefully add
+ missing objectClasses on behalf of you automatically. The
+ subsequent <xref linkend="glo_LDIF"/> dump may serve as a
+ hint:</para>
+
+ <programlisting language="ldif">...
+ <emphasis role="bold">dn: ou=billing,dc=hdm-stuttgart,dc=de</emphasis>
+ objectClass: top
+ objectClass: organizationalUnit
+ ou: billing
+
+ <emphasis role="bold">dn: ou=research,dc=hdm-stuttgart,dc=de</emphasis>
+ objectClass: top
+ objectClass: organizationalUnit
+ ou: research
+
+ <emphasis role="bold">dn: uid=lapinski,ou=billing,dc=hdm-stuttgart,dc=de</emphasis>
+ objectClass: posixAccount
+ objectClass: top
+ objectClass: person
+ objectClass: organizationalPerson
+ cn: Mee Lapinski
+ gidNumber: 100
+ homeDirectory: /home/lapinski
+ sn: Lapinski
+ uid: lapinski
+ uidNumber: 1023
+ ...</programlisting>
+
+ <para>Question: What is the ratio behind adding the
+ <code>objectClass</code> value <code>posixAccount</code>? Hint:
+ Try to create a corresponding dataset having two persons with
+ identical names within the same department.</para>
+ </question>
+
+ <answer>
+ <para>Your result may look like:</para>
+
+ <figure xml:id="figureLdapTwoDepartments">
+ <title>Two departments billing and research populated with
+ sample user entries</title>
+
+ <screenshot>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="Ref/Screen/ldapSampleUsers.png"/>
+ </imageobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>Without having the <code>objectClass</code> value
+ <code>posixAccount</code> the attribute <code>uid</code> would
+ be disallowed and could thus not be part of our <xref
+ linkend="glo_DN"/> values. This would leave us with solutions
+ like:</para>
+
+ <programlisting language="ldif"><emphasis role="bold">dn: cn=Mee Lapinski,ou=billing,dc=hdm-stuttgart,dc=de</emphasis></programlisting>
+
+ <para>This in turn disallows identical common names (e.g. a
+ second <personname>Mee Lapinski</personname>) within the same
+ department. Thus the auxiliary objectClass posixAccount enables
+ us to introduce additional mandatory <code>uid</code> attribute
+ being the unique identifier within a given parent scope.</para>
+ </answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+ </qandadiv>
+ </qandaset>
+ </section>
+
+ <section xml:id="ldifImportExport">
+ <title><xref linkend="glo_LDIF"/> export and import</title>
+
+ <para>This section is intended to get acquainted with <xref
+ linkend="glo_LDIF"/> representation of <xref linkend="glo_LDAP"/> data
+ and requires successful completion of <xref
+ linkend="qandaPopulateLdap"/> as a prerequisite. You may want to read
+ <uri
+ xlink:href="http://www.zytrax.com/books/ldap/ch8">http://www.zytrax.com/books/ldap/ch8</uri>.</para>
+
+ <qandaset defaultlabel="qanda" xml:id="qanda_ldifExportImport">
+ <title>Exporting, modifying and importing <xref linkend="glo_LDAP"/>
+ data using the <xref linkend="glo_LDIF"/> interchange
+ representation.</title>
+
+ <qandadiv>
+ <qandaentry>
+ <question>
+ <para>Export your current database state being left from <xref
+ linkend="qandaPopulateLdap"/> to an <xref linkend="glo_LDIF"/>
+ text file.</para>
+
+ <para>Subsequently use this database dump file as a starting
+ point to create a <xref linkend="glo_LDIF"/> import file adding
+ a department <quote>pr</quote> (public relations) containing a
+ user <quote>Paul Simon</quote> with suitable attribute values to
+ the dataset.</para>
+ </question>
+
+ <answer>
+ <para>Adding the new entries in question requires:</para>
+
+ <screen>version: 1
+
+ dn: ou=pr,dc=hdm-stuttgart,dc=de
+ objectClass: top
+ objectClass: organizationalUnit
+ ou: pr
+
+ dn: uid=simon,ou=pr,dc=hdm-stuttgart,dc=de
+ objectClass: posixAccount
+ objectClass: top
+ objectClass: person
+ objectClass: organizationalPerson
+ cn: Paul Simon
+ gidNumber: 130
+ homeDirectory: /home/tauras
+ sn: Svetlana
+ uid: tauras
+ uidNumber: 1028</screen>
+ </answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+ </qandadiv>
+ </qandaset>
+ </section>
+
+ <section xml:id="ditSearch">
+ <title>Searching the <xref linkend="glo_DIT"/></title>
+
+ <para>Like relational and other database types <xref
+ linkend="glo_LDAP"/> provides a <link
+ xlink:href="http://www.zytrax.com/books/ldap/apa/search.html">query
+ language</link> to filter result entries.</para>
+
+ <qandaset defaultlabel="qanda" xml:id="qanda_firstLdapQuery">
+ <title>Filtering child elements</title>
+
+ <qandadiv>
+ <qandaentry>
+ <question>
+ <para>Create <xref linkend="glo_LDAP"/> queries corresponding to
+ the following descriptions:</para>
+
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>All users entries within the whole <xref
+ linkend="glo_DIT"/> having a gidNumber value of 100.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>All user entries belonging to the billing department
+ having a <code>uid</code> value greater than 1023.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>All user entries within the whole <xref
+ linkend="glo_DIT"/> having a common name containing the
+ substring <quote>ei</quote>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>All user entries within the whole <xref
+ linkend="glo_DIT"/> belonging to gidNumber == 100 or having
+ a <code>uid</code> value starting with letter
+ <quote>t</quote>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+
+ <para>Hint: <xref linkend="glo_Soft_ApacheDirectoryStudio"/>
+ allows both for <link
+ xlink:href="https://directory.apache.org/studio/users-guide/ldap_browser/tools_filter_editor_dialog.html">filtering</link>
+ and <link
+ xlink:href="https://directory.apache.org/studio/users-guide/ldap_browser/gettingstarted_search.html">searching</link>
+ providing nifty features like attribute name completion and
+ syntax highlighting. For regular searches you may define:</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The <xref linkend="glo_DIT"/> entry to start from
+ being identified by its <xref linkend="glo_DN"/>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The search scope being either of object, one level or
+ subtree.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Boolean expressions based on attribute values.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>But yes, I forgot to mention <link
+ xlink:href="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LDAP-HOWTO/utilities.html">something</link>.</para>
+ </question>
+
+ <answer>
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis role="bold">All users entries within the
+ whole </emphasis><xref linkend="glo_DIT"/><emphasis
+ role="bold"> having a gidNumber value of
+ 100.</emphasis></para>
+
+ <para>Solution: <code>(gidNumber=100)</code>, starting from
+ top of <xref linkend="glo_DIT"/> having subtree
+ scope.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis role="bold">All user entries belonging to
+ the billing department having a <code>uid</code> value
+ greater than 1023.</emphasis></para>
+
+ <para>Solution: <code>(uidNumber>=1024)</code> starting
+ from <xref linkend="glo_DN"/>
+ <code>ou=billing,dc=hdm-stuttgart,dc=de</code> and scope
+ <code>one level</code>.</para>
+
+ <para>Notice the expression
+ <code>(uidNumber>=1024)</code> in favour of the seemingly
+ equivalent but syntactically illegal counterpart
+ <code>(uidNumber>1023)</code>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis role="bold">All user entries within the
+ whole </emphasis><xref linkend="glo_DIT"/><emphasis
+ role="bold"> having a common name containing the substring
+ <quote>ei</quote>.</emphasis></para>
+
+ <para>Solution: <code>(cn=*ei*)</code>, starting from top of
+ <xref linkend="glo_DIT"/> having subtree scope.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><emphasis role="bold">All user entries within the
+ whole </emphasis><xref linkend="glo_DIT"/><emphasis
+ role="bold"> belonging to gidNumber == 100 or having a
+ <code>uid</code> value starting with letter
+ <quote>t</quote>.</emphasis></para>
+
+ <para>Solution: <code>(|(gidNumber=100)(uid=t*))</code>,
+ starting from top of <xref linkend="glo_DIT"/> having
+ subtree scope.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+ </qandadiv>
+ </qandaset>
+ </section>
+
+ <section xml:id="unix2sql2ldap">
+ <title><xref linkend="glo_UNIX"/> to <xref linkend="glo_SQL"/> to <xref
+ linkend="glo_LDAP"/></title>
+
+ <para><xref linkend="glo_UNIX"/> type operating systems manage users,
+ groups and their respective relationships in three different text
+ files:</para>
+
+ <glosslist>
+ <glossentry>
+ <glossterm><filename>/etc/passwd</filename></glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>Users being defined on the system:</para>
+
+ <literallayout>root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
+daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin
+bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
+sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologin
+sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync
+...</literallayout>
+
+ <para>We illustrate the meaning of this <xref linkend="glo_CSV"/>
+ (actually **character** separated) by examining the first
+ row:</para>
+
+ <glosslist>
+ <glossentry>
+ <glossterm>Column 1, <code>root</code>:</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The user's unique system name as being entered at
+ login.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry>
+ <glossterm>Column 2, x<code>:</code></glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>This field is not being used on current <xref
+ linkend="glo_UNIX"/> implementations. Historically either
+ the user's clear text password or its hash value was present
+ here. For security reasons this attribute has been moved to
+ a third file <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> being read
+ access protected to non-administrator users.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry>
+ <glossterm>Column 3, <code>0</code>:</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The user's unique integer numerical
+ <parameter>uid</parameter> number value.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry>
+ <glossterm>Column 4, <code>0</code>:</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The user's unique primary group integer numerical
+ <parameter>gid</parameter> number value. The value
+ <quote>0</quote> here refers to a group root of identical
+ name being defined in <filename>/etc/group</filename>, see
+ next section.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry>
+ <glossterm>Column 5, <code>root</code>:</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The user's common name. For a regular user account
+ this might be <quote>Jim Beam</quote> for example.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry>
+ <glossterm>Column 6, <filename>/root</filename>:</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The user's home directory. Might be /home/beam for a
+ user <quote>Jim Beam</quote>.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry>
+ <glossterm>Column 7, <command>/bin/bash</command>:</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The user's login shell (command interpreter. This
+ attribute contains a reference to a command interpreter like
+ <command>/bin/(t)csh</command>, <command>/bin/ksh</command>
+ and so on.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+ </glosslist>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry>
+ <glossterm><filename>/etc/group</filename></glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>This file contains all groups being defined on the
+ system:</para>
+
+ <literallayout>root:x:0:
+daemon:x:1:
+bin:x:2:
+sys:x:3:
+adm:x:4:syslog,mi <co xml:id="secondaryGroupmembership"/>
+tty:x:5:
+...</literallayout>
+
+ <glosslist>
+ <glossentry>
+ <glossterm>Column1,root:</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The group's name</para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry>
+ <glossterm>Column 2, x:</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>Not used</para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry>
+ <glossterm>Column 3, 4:</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The group's unique <parameter>gid</parameter>
+ number</para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+
+ <glossentry>
+ <glossterm>Column 4, <code>syslog,mi</code>:</glossterm>
+
+ <glossdef>
+ <para>The set <code>{syslog,mi}</code> <coref
+ linkend="secondaryGroupmembership"/> defines secondary group
+ memberships: These two users will belong to the group
+ <code>adm</code> in addition to their respective primary
+ group definition.</para>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+ </glosslist>
+ </glossdef>
+ </glossentry>
+ </glosslist>
+
+ <qandaset defaultlabel="qanda" xml:id="qandUnixToSqlToLdap">
+ <title>Exporting and importing data</title>
+
+ <qandadiv>
+ <qandaentry>
+ <question>
+ <para>Write two applications being able to perform the following
+ tasks:</para>
+
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Import the previously described UNIX user and group
+ data ton an RDBMS using <xref linkend="glo_JDBC"/>. You will
+ have to define a suitable SQL schema first.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Transfer RDBMS data to your local <xref
+ linkend="glo_LDAP"/> server using <link
+ xlink:href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/jndi/tutorial/ldap/misc/url.html">JNDI</link>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </question>
+
+ <answer>
+ <annotation role="make">
+ <para role="eclipse">Sda2/UnixSqlLdap/Jndi/Unix2Rdbms</para>
+ </annotation>
+
+ <annotation role="make">
+ <para role="eclipse">Sda2/UnixSqlLdap/Jndi/Rdbms2Ldap</para>
+ </annotation>
+ </answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+ </qandadiv>
+ </qandaset>
+ </section>
+
+ <section xml:id="transactionsInJdbc">
+ <title>Transactions in <xref linkend="glo_JDBC"/></title>
+
+ <para>You may review some remarks on SQL standard isolation level
+ definitions:</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><xref linkend="glo_Javadoc"/>:</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><link
+ xlink:href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/9/docs/api/java/sql/Connection.html#TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED">TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED</link></para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><link
+ xlink:href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/9/docs/api/java/sql/Connection.html#TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED">TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED</link></para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><link
+ xlink:href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/9/docs/api/java/sql/Connection.html#TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ">TRANSACTION_READ_REPEATABLE_READ</link></para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><link
+ xlink:href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/9/docs/api/java/sql/Connection.html#TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE">TRANSACTION_READ_SERIALIZABLE</link></para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><link
+ xlink:href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/issue-archive/2005/05-nov/o65asktom-082389.html">On
+ Transaction Isolation Levels (Oracle)</link></para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para><link
+ xlink:href="https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms378149(v=sql.110).aspx">Understanding
+ Isolation Levels (Microsoft)</link></para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <section xml:id="accountTransferPessimistic">
+ <title>Account Transfer using pessimistic concurrency control</title>
+
+ <qandaset defaultlabel="qanda" xml:id="qandaJdbcIsolation">
+ <title>Accounts and balances</title>
+
+ <qandadiv>
+ <qandaentry>
+ <question>
+ <para>Consider the following simple schema of accounts keeping
+ customer balances:</para>
+
+ <programlisting language="sql">CREATE TABLE Account (
+ number INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY
+ ,balance INT NOT NULL
+ )</programlisting>
+
+ <para>Write two GUI applications to:</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Transfer amounts from one account to another</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Get the sum of all balances</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <informalfigure>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="Ref/Screen/accountTransferSum.png"/>
+ </imageobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </informalfigure>
+ </question>
+
+ <answer>
+ <annotation role="make">
+ <para role="eclipse">Sda2/account</para>
+ </annotation>
+ </answer>
+ </qandaentry>
+ </qandadiv>
+ </qandaset>
+ </section>
+
+ <section xml:id="accountTransferOptimistic">
+ <title>Account Transfer using optimistic concurrency control</title>
+
+ <figure xml:id="fig_optimisticConcurrencyControl">
+ <title>Optimistic concurrency control</title>
+
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="Ref/Fig/concurrentOptimistic.svg"/>
+ </imageobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>An interfering transaction obeying the protocol causes a
+ transaction failure:</para>
+
+ <figure xml:id="concurrentObtimisticFail">
+ <title>Failure with optimistic transactions</title>
+
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="Ref/Fig/concurrentOptimisticFail.svg"/>
+ </imageobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>Considerations:</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Race conditions, time of check to time of use</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <qandaset defaultlabel="qanda" xml:id="qandaTransferOptimistic">
+ <title>Optimistic account transfer</title>
+
+ <qandadiv>
+ <qandaentry>
+ <question>
+ <para>Implement your (pessimistic) account transfer
+ application <xref linkend="qandaJdbcIsolation"/> in an
+ optimistic manner:</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Make sure both source and destination accounts get
+ protected against interfering transactions.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Provide a means to definitely avoid deadlocks during
+ the second transaction section of a balance transfer
+ operation.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Supply a suitable message in case of an interfering
+ second balance transfer</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </question>
+ </qandaentry>
+ </qandadiv>
+ </qandaset>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+ </chapter>
+
+ <xi:include href="jpa.xml" xpointer="element(/1)"/>
+</part>
diff --git a/Doc/lectures.xml b/Doc/lectures.xml
index 8ce8d41abe94bc6ad3fea920cd5f38e7a1a3784b..7ab060fbc05d076c65ac3c2fca2a2004345d3a8f 100644
--- a/Doc/lectures.xml
+++ b/Doc/lectures.xml
@@ -182,13 +182,11 @@
<xi:include href="Tdoc/projects.xml" xpointer="element(/1)"/>
</part>
- <part xml:id="sda2">
- <title>Structured Data and Applications 2</title>
-
- <xi:include href="Sda2/ldap.xml" xpointer="element(/1)"/>
+ <xi:include href="Sda2/sampleDbOverview.xml" xpointer="element(/1)"/>
+<!--
<xi:include href="Sda2/jpa.xml" xpointer="element(/1)"/>
- </part>
+-->
<part annotations="forumId=13;" xml:id="sdi">
<title>Software defined Infrastructure</title>